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ARCHES

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Simple Definition of   arch . : A usually curved part of a structure that is over an opening and that supports a wall or other weight above the opening. : The raised area on the bottom of the foot that is formed by a curved section of bones. : Something that has a curved shape. Types of arches based on shape, material of construction, workmanship and number of centers are discussed here. An arch is constructed in curved shape due to which loads from above is distributed to supports (pier or abutment). Types of Arches Arches are classified based on: 1.    Shape 2.    Number of Centre’s 3.    Workmanship 4.    Materials of construction Types of Arches based on shape: Based on the shape of construction arches are classified into 10 types and they are discussed below. Flat Arch ·         For flat arch, the intrados is apparently flat and it acts as a base of equilateral triangle which was formed by the horizontal angle of 60 0  by skewbacks. ·         Even though
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CIVIL ENGINEERING Design of Masonry Structures 2

 2. If the ratio of center to centre spacing of intersecting walls to actual thickness of intersecting wall is more th n 20, then the stiffening coefficient for wall proper will be a) 0 b) between 0 and 1 c) 1 d) greater than 1 Ans: d 7. Maximum slenderness ratio of load bearing walls for a dwelling having more than 2 stores (i) shall not exceed 12 if lime mortar is used (ii) shall not exceed 18 if cement lime mortar 1:2:9 is used (iii) shall not exceed 24 if cement mortar 1:6 is used Of these statements a) (i) and (ii) are correct b) (ii) and (iii) are correct c) (i) and (iii) are correct d) (i) and (ii) and (iii) are correct Ans: a 8. Where a structural component or a system is providing lateral support to five or more walls or columns, the lateral load to be resisted may be taken as a) 4 percent b) 5 percent c) 6 percent d) 7 percent of the total vertical load on the most heavily loaded wall or column in the group. Ans: d 9. The effective height of free standing non load bearing wal
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Design of Masonry Structures

 Design of Masonry Structures Question No. 01 Rich cement mortars are more liable to cracking as compared to lean mortars because rich mortars have (A) High shrinkage (B) Less strength (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of above Answer: Option A Question No. 02 In a cavity wall, both leaves of which are load bearing, the effective thickness is taken as (A) Sum of thickness of both leaves (B) Two-third of the sum of thickness of both the leaves (C) Actual thickness of the stronger leaf (D) Larger of (B) and (C) Answer: Option D Question No. 03 Assertion A : For identical strength, a composite cement-lime mortar is preferred over cement mortar. Reason R : Composite cement-lime mortar has higher drying shrinkage than cement mortar. Select your answer based on the codes given below: (A) Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A (B) Both A and R is true but R is not a correct explanation of A (C) A is true but R is false (D) A is false but R is true Answer: Option C Question No.
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